{"id":2252,"date":"2018-12-26T17:59:20","date_gmt":"2018-12-26T16:59:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/biologie-marine\/"},"modified":"2026-03-07T11:13:26","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T10:13:26","slug":"biologie-marine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/biologie-marine\/","title":{"rendered":"Biologie marine"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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La biologie marine<\/strong> est l’\u00e9tude des plantes et des animaux qui vivent dans l’oc\u00e9an. Les scientifiques qui \u00e9tudient la biologie marine d\u00e9couvrent les cr\u00e9atures marines et la mani\u00e8re dont elles vivent, grandissent et interagissent avec leur environnement. Au lieu de regrouper ces organismes uniquement en fonction de leur famille scientifique, la biologie marine les regroupe souvent en fonction de l’endroit o\u00f9 ils vivent, c’est-\u00e0-dire dans la mer. <\/p>

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Une grande partie de la vie sur Terre se d\u00e9roule dans les oc\u00e9ans. Les scientifiques n’en connaissent pas le nombre exact, car de nombreuses esp\u00e8ces oc\u00e9aniques n’ont pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvertes. L’oc\u00e9an couvre environ 71 % de la surface de la Terre<\/strong>, ce qui en fait l’habitat le plus vaste de notre plan\u00e8te. Les biologistes marins \u00e9tudient de nombreuses parties de l’oc\u00e9an, depuis les eaux de surface \u00e9clair\u00e9es par le soleil<\/strong> jusqu’aux fosses oc\u00e9aniques profondes<\/strong>, qui peuvent atteindre plus de 10 000 m\u00e8tres<\/strong>. <\/p>

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L’oc\u00e9an poss\u00e8de de nombreux habitats diff\u00e9rents. Il s’agit notamment des r\u00e9cifs coralliens, des estuaires, des for\u00eats de varech, des prairies sous-marines, des mares, des fonds marins sablonneux et rocheux et de la haute mer<\/strong>. Chaque habitat abrite diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces de plantes et d’animaux. La vie marine va de minuscules organismes comme le phytoplancton et le zooplancton<\/strong> \u00e0 de tr\u00e8s grands animaux comme les baleines<\/strong>, qui peuvent atteindre plus de 30 m\u00e8tres de long<\/strong>. <\/p>

L’\u00e9cologie marine est une autre partie de la biologie marine. Elle \u00e9tudie la mani\u00e8re dont les animaux et les plantes des oc\u00e9ans vivent ensemble et interagissent avec leur environnement. <\/p>

La vie marine est tr\u00e8s importante pour l’homme. L’oc\u00e9an fournit de la nourriture, des m\u00e9dicaments et des mat\u00e9riaux<\/strong>, et il favorise \u00e9galement le tourisme et les loisirs<\/strong>. Les plantes et les animaux marins contribuent \u00e9galement \u00e0 la production d’oxyg\u00e8ne et jouent un r\u00f4le dans le contr\u00f4le du climat de la Terre. Certains organismes marins contribuent m\u00eame \u00e0 fa\u00e7onner les c\u00f4tes et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er de nouvelles terres. <\/p>

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De nombreuses esp\u00e8ces marines, telles que les poissons et les crustac\u00e9s<\/strong>, sont importantes pour l’\u00e9conomie mondiale. Les scientifiques en apprennent chaque jour davantage sur la fa\u00e7on dont la vie oc\u00e9anique est li\u00e9e \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 de notre plan\u00e8te. Aujourd’hui encore, de grandes parties de l’oc\u00e9an restent inexplor\u00e9es<\/strong> et de nouvelles esp\u00e8ces marines continuent d’\u00eatre d\u00e9couvertes. <\/p>

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Extrait de Wikip\u00e9dia, l’encyclop\u00e9die libre<\/div><\/div>
(Redirig\u00e9 vers Biologie marine<\/a>)<\/span><\/div><\/div>
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picture:Author=[http:\/\/www.flickr.com\/people\/99093144@N00 Ian L] de London, UK<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La biologie marine est l’\u00e9tude des plantes et des animaux qui vivent dans l’oc\u00e9an. Les scientifiques qui \u00e9tudient la biologie marine d\u00e9couvrent les cr\u00e9atures marines et la mani\u00e8re dont elles vivent, grandissent et interagissent avec leur environnement. Au lieu de regrouper ces organismes uniquement en fonction de leur famille scientifique, la biologie marine les regroupe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":2432,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","osh_disable_topbar_sticky":"default","osh_disable_header_sticky":"default","osh_sticky_header_style":"default","osh_sticky_header_effect":"","osh_custom_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_retina_sticky_logo":0,"osh_custom_sticky_logo_height":0,"osh_background_color":"","osh_links_color":"","osh_links_hover_color":"","osh_links_active_color":"","osh_links_bg_color":"","osh_links_hover_bg_color":"","osh_links_active_bg_color":"","osh_menu_social_links_color":"","osh_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[56,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biologie-marine","category-recherche-et-etudes","entry","has-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2252"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3051,"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2252\/revisions\/3051"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2432"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aquamundial.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":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